Florida Wastewater Practice Test

What is a significant consequence of nutrient enrichment in water bodies?

1. Reduction of biodiversity

2. Increased water transparency

3. Regular flow dynamics

4. Lower sedimentation rates

The correct answer is: Reduction of biodiversity

Nutrient enrichment, often resulting from agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and other anthropogenic activities, leads to an increase in the levels of nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, in water bodies. One of the most significant consequences of this process is a reduction of biodiversity. When nutrient levels rise, it can trigger algal blooms, which are rapid increases in the population of algae in aquatic environments. While initially appearing as a natural phenomenon, these blooms can lead to hypoxic or anoxic conditions when the algae die and decompose, consuming dissolved oxygen in the water. This depletion of oxygen creates an unsuitable habitat for many aquatic organisms, including fish and invertebrates, resulting in decreased species richness and diversity. Moreover, the dominance of certain algae species during blooms can outcompete other aquatic plants and organisms, further diminishing biodiversity. As habitats become less viable for a wider range of species due to these dramatic changes in ecological dynamics, the overall health of the aquatic ecosystem declines. Increased water transparency, regular flow dynamics, and lower sedimentation rates do not typically follow nutrient enhancement and do not illustrate the negative ecological impacts that come with it. Therefore, the reduction of biodiversity stands out as a clear and critical consequence of nutrient enrichment.